1. The Impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Adoption on Financial Performance of Multinational Corporations
- Independent Concept: IFRS Adoption (variables: Standardization of Financial Statements, Transparency in Reporting, Compliance with Regulatory Requirements)
- Dependent Concept: Financial Performance (measured using ROA, ROE, and Net Profit Margin)
- Relevance: Many multinational corporations must comply with IFRS to ensure consistency in financial reporting across different countries. This study assesses how compliance affects financial performance.
- Data Source: Secondary (corporate financial statements, regulatory reports).
- Link to related articles: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs12040096; https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2695573;
2. The Role of Foreign Exchange Risk Management Strategies in Multinational Companies’ Profitability
- Independent Concept: Foreign Exchange Risk Management (variables: Hedging Strategies, Currency Diversification, Forward Contracts)
- Dependent Concept: Profitability (measured using Net Profit Margin, Revenue Volatility, and Operating Income)
- Relevance: As international businesses face fluctuating exchange rates, effective risk management strategies can help stabilize profits.
- Data Source: Secondary (company reports, financial market data), Primary (surveys/interviews with financial managers).
- Link to related articles: International evidence on the determinants of foreign exchange rate exposure of multinational corporations | Journal of International Business Studies
3. The Influence of Digital Banking Adoption on Financial Inclusion in Emerging Markets
- Independent Concept: Digital Banking Adoption (variables: Mobile Banking Usage, Internet Banking Penetration, FinTech Partnerships)
- Dependent Concept: Financial Inclusion (measured using Bank Account Ownership, Access to Credit, and Digital Payment Usage)
- Relevance: Digital banking is revolutionizing access to financial services, particularly in emerging economies where traditional banking is less accessible.
- Data Source: Secondary (bank reports, World Bank financial inclusion data), Primary (surveys with digital banking users).
- Link to related articles: FINANCIAL INCLUSION: HOW DIGITAL BANKING IS BRIDGING THE GAP FOR EMERGING MARKETS | Journal of Applied Linguistics and TESOL (JALT); https://doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v6i2.776; https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-11-2015-0191
4. The Effect of Tax Policies on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Developing Countries
- Independent Concept: Tax Policies (variables: Corporate Tax Rate, Tax Incentives, Double Taxation Agreements)
- Dependent Concept: Foreign Direct Investment (measured using FDI Inflows, Number of Foreign Firms, and Investment Growth)
- Relevance: Tax policies significantly influence international investment decisions, shaping the economic growth of developing nations.
- Data Source: Secondary (World Bank data, government tax reports), Primary (interviews with business investors).
- Link to related articles: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3758843; https://doi.org/10.48108/jurnalbppk.v13i1.484
5. The Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices and Brand Equity in Multinational Firms
- Independent Concept: CSR Practices (variables: Environmental Sustainability, Ethical Business Conduct, Community Engagement)
- Dependent Concept: Brand Equity (measured using Customer Perception, Brand Loyalty, and Market Share)
- Relevance: CSR is increasingly seen as a competitive advantage for international businesses, influencing consumer trust and brand reputation.
- Data Source: Secondary (CSR reports, brand valuation rankings), Primary (consumer surveys).
- Link to related articles: https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-02-2018-0051;
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2011.10.002; https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-09-2018-2016
6. The Impact of Global Supply Chain Disruptions on Financial Performance of International Businesses
- Independent Concept: Global Supply Chain Disruptions (variables: Logistics Delays, Supplier Risk, Currency Fluctuations)
- Dependent Concept: Financial Performance (measured using Revenue Growth, Operating Margin, and Inventory Turnover)
- Relevance: Recent global crises, such as COVID-19 and geopolitical conflicts, have shown how fragile international supply chains are, affecting company revenues.
- Data Source: Secondary (corporate financial reports, supply chain indexes), Primary (interviews with supply chain managers).
- Link to related articles: https://doi.org/10.7118/y16t9261
7. The Effect of Audit Quality on Earnings Management in Multinational Firms
- Independent Concept: Audit Quality (variables: Auditor Tenure, Audit Firm Size, Audit Fees)
- Dependent Concept: Earnings Management (measured using Abnormal Accruals, Financial Statement Adjustments)
- Relevance: High-quality audits reduce financial misreporting and increase transparency, which is crucial for international business credibility.
- Data Source: Secondary (financial statements, audit reports).
- Link to related articles: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2011.01088.x;
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.1998.tb00547.x; https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-05-2016-0059
8. The Influence of Capital Structure on Firm Performance in the Hospitality Industry
- Independent Concept: Capital Structure (variables: Debt-to-Equity Ratio, Short-Term Debt, Long-Term Debt)
- Dependent Concept: Firm Performance (measured using ROA, ROE, and Profit Margin)
- Relevance: With tourism being a major global business sector, understanding how financing strategies impact profitability is vital for growth.
- Data Source: Secondary (financial reports of major hospitality firms).
- Link to related articles: Impact of Capital Structure on Firm Value: Evidence from Indian Hospitality Industry
9. The Role of FinTech in Enhancing Cross-Border Payment Efficiency
- Independent Concept: FinTech Innovations (variables: Blockchain-Based Transactions, Mobile Payment Platforms, Digital Currencies)
- Dependent Concept: Cross-Border Payment Efficiency (measured using Transaction Speed, Cost Reduction, and Transaction Security)
- Relevance: Cross-border payments are crucial for international business, and FinTech solutions are making transactions faster and more cost-effective.
- Data Source: Secondary (FinTech company reports, global payment statistics), Primary (interviews with finance professionals).
- Link to related articles: Fintech, Remittances, And Financial Inclusion: A Case Study Of Cross-Border Payments In Developing Economies | Journal of Computing and Information Technology; Factors Influencing Fintech’s Customer Loyalty for Cross Border Payments: Mediating Customer Satisfaction -Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship | Korea Science; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102435
10. The Effect of Inflation and Interest Rate Volatility on Stock Market Performance in Emerging Economies
- Independent Concept: Macroeconomic Factors (variables: Inflation Rate, Interest Rate, Exchange Rate Volatility)
- Dependent Concept: Stock Market Performance (measured using Stock Market Index Returns, Market Capitalization, and Trading Volume)
- Relevance: Global financial instability impacts emerging markets significantly, affecting investment decisions in stock exchanges.
- Data Source: Secondary (central bank reports, stock market indices).
- Link to related articles: https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2017.0046; http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.56.1005; Inflation targeting and exchange rate volatility in emerging markets | Empirical Economics; Exchange rate volatility and stock market development in emerging economies: Journal of Post Keynesian Economics: Vol 37, No 1
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